Multicast Block Header Frame Format

Jeff Harris ([e-mail])

Abstract

This BRC specifies how standalone 80-byte BSV block headers are distributed to downstream consumers, in two forms. The datagram form wraps the header in a minimal 172-byte frame that reuses the 92-byte BRC-124 header layout, ensuring compatibility with existing infrastructure classifiers and firewall rules, and is carried over IPv6 multicast or unicast datagrams. The stream form writes the bare 80-byte header, with no frame at all, on a single-class byte stream dedicated to headers. Both are produced by splitting the block header out of a BRC-131 block announcement.

Copyright

This BRC is licensed under the Open BSV License.

Motivation

BRC-131 BlockAnnounce frames distribute block headers alongside CoinbaseTxID and a variable-length list of subtree root hashes. Many downstream consumers need only the 80-byte block header:

1. SPV clients require only the header chain to verify proof-of-work and compute chain state; subtree hashes and CoinbaseTxID are irrelevant.

2. Mining coordinators need the previous-block hash and timestamp to build new templates; the remaining announce payload adds unnecessary latency on constrained links.

3. Header-chain archival services store and index raw 80-byte headers and discard everything else.

Delivering the full BlockAnnounce payload to these consumers wastes bandwidth and increases processing overhead. BRC-135 defines a fixed-size, minimal frame that any node receiving a BlockAnnounce can produce by extracting the 80-byte header and re-emitting it to downstream consumers. A node that produces BRC-135 frames is referred to as an emitter throughout this specification.

Specification

Terminology

Term	Definition
Emitter	Any node that receives a BRC-131 BlockAnnounce frame and produces a BRC-135 block header frame from it.
Consumer	A downstream node that receives and processes BRC-135 frames.
BlockHash	The SHA256d hash of the 80-byte block header, in internal byte order.

Multicast Group

This section governs the datagram form; the stream form has no group and is specified under Stream Delivery Form below.

BRC-135 frames are emitted to the emitter's configured multicast egress group or unicast egress address. They MUST NOT be re-injected onto the primary fabric group FF0E::B:FFFE — doing so would create a feedback loop as other fabric subscribers would receive the split frame on the control channel they already subscribe to.

When multicast egress is enabled, the emitter sends BRC-135 frames to the GroupBlockHeader index (0xFFFA) on the egress scope, typically a different scope or group-id from the ingress fabric:

Index	Scope	Compressed Address	Notes
0xFFFA	egress (varies)	FF05:::FFFA	Emitter multicast egress channel

The egress group-id is set independently of the fabric group-id. This ensures BRC-135 frames reach only downstream consumers, not peer fabric subscribers or retry endpoints on the ingress fabric.

The egress address is shown in ASM (FF05) form; under SSM, substitute the FF3x prefix per BRC-129. The frame format is unchanged. The frame's source is the emitter (emitterIPv6), which stamps its own identity, so downstream consumers (S,G)-join per emitter. Under SSM the multi-emitter reliability pattern uses distinct per-emitter sources (or VRRP active-standby); anycast or shared-source emission is not supported (BRC-129).

Frame Header Format (92 bytes)

The BRC-135 header is layout-identical to BRC-124. All infrastructure components that inspect Magic, HashKey, or SeqNum read correct values at the same offsets. All multi-byte integers are big-endian.

Offset	Size	Alignment	Field	Description
0	4	—	Network Magic	0xE3E1F3E8 (BSV mainnet P2P magic)
4	2	—	Protocol Ver	0x02BF (703, BSV large-block baseline)
6	1	—	Frame Version	0x07 — BRC-135 block header
7	1	—	Reserved	0x00
8	32	8-byte	BlockHash	SHA256d of the 80-byte block header (internal byte order)
40	8	8-byte	HashKey	XXH64(emitterIPv6 ∥ 0xFFFA ∥ zeros); stamped by emitter
48	8	8-byte	SeqNum	Monotonic per-emitter counter; stamped by emitter
56	32	8-byte	LayoutPad32	All zeros (no subtree scope for block headers)
88	4	—	PayloadLen	0x00000050 (80 = fixed block header size, uint32 BE)
92	80	—	Payload	Raw 80-byte BSV block header

Total frame size: 172 bytes (92 header + 80 payload). Always fits in a single UDP datagram — no fragmentation is required.

Field Definitions

Network Magic (bytes 0–3)

The value 0xE3E1F3E8 (BSV mainnet P2P network magic). This enables standard BSV firewall rules and network monitoring tools to correctly classify BRC-135 frames. Frames with incorrect magic MUST be rejected.

Protocol Version (bytes 4–5)

The value 0x02BF (703 in decimal). Informational; receivers do not validate it.

Frame Version (byte 6)

The value 0x07 identifies a BRC-135 block header frame. Any other version is handled by other decoders.

Reserved (byte 7)

Must be 0x00. Unlike BRC-131 which uses this byte for MsgType, BRC-135 has no message subtypes — the frame always carries exactly one block header.

BlockHash (bytes 8–39)

The SHA256d of the 80-byte block header in internal byte order. This value is identical to the ContentID field in a BRC-131 BlockAnnounce frame for the same block.

HashKey (bytes 40–47)

A stable per-emitter flow identifier computed as:

HashKey = XXH64(emitterIPv6 [16 bytes] ∥ 0x0000FFFA [4 bytes BE] ∥ zeros [32 bytes])

The 0xFFFA group index is GroupBlockHeader, the emitter multicast egress channel (see the group table above). The 32 zero bytes correspond to the absent SubtreeID. The HashKey is constant for the lifetime of the emitter process.

A value of 0 indicates the field is unset.

SeqNum (bytes 48–55)

A 64-bit unsigned integer (big-endian) containing a monotonic counter starting at 1, incremented for each BRC-135 frame emitted. Each emitter maintains a single counter for all block header frames.

A value of 0 indicates the field is unset.

LayoutPad32 (bytes 56–87)

All zeros. This field is retained to keep the header at 92 bytes, maintaining layout uniformity with BRC-124 and other frame versions. Block header frames have no subtree scope.

PayloadLen (bytes 88–91)

Always 0x00000050 (80 in decimal). A frame with any other PayloadLen MUST be rejected.

Payload (bytes 92–171)

The raw 80-byte BSV block header, byte-for-byte identical to the first 80 bytes of a BRC-131 BlockAnnounce payload:

Offset	Size	Encoding	Field	Description
0	4	int32 LE	Version	Block version
4	32	bytes	PrevBlockHash	Hash of previous block (internal order)
36	32	bytes	MerkleRoot	Merkle root of the block's tx tree
68	4	uint32 LE	Timestamp	Block timestamp (Unix epoch seconds)
72	4	uint32 LE	Bits	Compact difficulty target
76	4	uint32 LE	Nonce	Proof-of-work nonce

No additional framing or envelope is applied. The block header is copied verbatim from the BRC-131 BlockAnnounce payload bytes [0:80].

Frame Production

Any node that receives a BRC-131 BlockAnnounce frame (FrameVer=0x04, MsgType=0x01) MAY produce a BRC-135 frame:

1. Extract the 80-byte block header from BlockAnnounce payload bytes [0:80] — the first 80 bytes of the BRC-144 block object that payload carries.

2. Copy the BlockHash from the BRC-131 frame's ContentID field (bytes 8–39).

3. Stamp HashKey using the emitter's own IPv6 address per the formula above.

4. Increment and stamp SeqNum.

5. Emit the 172-byte frame to the configured egress.

The emitter stamps HashKey and SeqNum using its own identity — not the proxy's. This reflects that the emitter is the originator of the split frame. Each emitter produces an independent sequence stream.

Sequencing

BRC-135 frames carry their own independent HashKey/SeqNum flow:

• Each emitter maintains a single SeqNum counter for all block headers.

• Downstream consumers that track gaps identify the emitter via HashKey.

• If a consumer receives BRC-135 frames from multiple emitters (e.g., via anycast or failover), each emitter produces an independent sequence stream.

Retransmission

BRC-135 frames are not retransmitted via the standard BRC-126 NACK path on the primary fabric. They are a derived product — if a downstream consumer misses a BRC-135 frame, it can recover from a different source:

1. Redundant emitters — multiple emitters produce the same block header; downstream consumers subscribe to more than one for reliability.

2. Re-request from upstream — the consumer re-requests the full BRC-131 BlockAnnounce via BRC-126 NACK to a retry endpoint, then extracts the header locally.

3. Application-level retry — the downstream consumer requests the block header by hash from any BSV peer using the standard getheaders protocol.

If a deployment requires NACK-based retransmission for BRC-135 frames on the egress network, a secondary retry endpoint can be deployed on the egress segment that joins the egress multicast group and caches BRC-135 frames by HashKey ∥ SeqNum. This is an optional deployment topology, not a protocol-level requirement.

Error Handling

Condition	Action
raw[6] != 0x07	Not BRC-135; handled by other decoders
Bad magic	Silent drop
PayloadLen != 80	Drop; ErrBadBlockHeaderLen
Datagram shorter than 172 bytes	Drop; ErrTooShort
BlockHash mismatch (optional)	Drop; integrity verification failed

Stream Delivery Form

On a single-class byte stream carrying nothing but block headers, the emitter writes the bare 80-byte header and nothing else: no frame header, no tag, no length prefix, no record envelope. A block header is fixed size, so the stream is self-delimiting — a consumer reads 80 bytes at a time, and the Nth header begins at byte offset 80 × (N − 1).

This is the form for a persistent unicast connection dedicated to headers, where the connection itself identifies the class. It is deliberately minimal:

• No frame header. The 92-byte header exists to classify a datagram on a shared multicast group and to carry the emitter's sequencing. A dedicated stream needs neither: the connection names the class, and the transport already orders and delivers what is written.

• No sequencing fields. HashKey and SeqNum identify the emitter's flow, which is meaningless to a subscriber and differs between the primary and standby emitters that may serve it. What a consumer verifies is the header itself, and the chain it builds from them.

• No length prefix. Eighty bytes is fixed by consensus. A length would be redundant, and a reader that trusted it over the fixed size would desynchronise on a malformed writer rather than on the first bad header.

A consumer of the stream form:

1. Read exactly 80 bytes.

2. Chain — check that PrevBlockHash (bytes 4–35) equals SHA256d of the previous header it accepted, which is what makes a stream of headers a chain rather than a list.

3. Identify — compute BlockHash = SHA256d(header) where the block id is needed; the stream carries no separate identifier.

A stream is a live tail: a consumer that connects mid-chain receives headers from connect time forward and cannot bootstrap a chain from this stream alone.

The two forms carry the same 80 bytes and differ only in envelope, so an emitter MAY serve both, and a consumer MUST NOT expect frame fields on the stream form.

Consumer Processing

A consumer receiving BRC-135 datagram frames:

1. Validate — Check raw[0:4] == 0xE3E1F3E8, raw[6] == 0x07, PayloadLen == 80.

2. Extract — Read the 80-byte block header from raw[92:172].

3. Verify — Optionally compute SHA256d(raw[92:172]) and compare against BlockHash (bytes 8–39) to confirm integrity.

4. Gap track — If consuming from a single emitter, monitor SeqNum continuity on the HashKey flow to detect missed headers.

Examples

BRC-135 Frame Hex Dump

A BRC-135 frame carrying the block header for block hash 00000000000000000...:

// Header (92 bytes)
E3E1F3E8                                                          // Network Magic
02BF                                                              // Protocol Version
07                                                                // Frame Version (BRC-135)
00                                                                // Reserved
00000000000000000001a2b3c4d5e6f7a8b9c0d1e2f3a4b5c6d7e8f9a0b1c2d3  // BlockHash
00112233AABBCCDD                                                  // HashKey (XXH64 of emitter flow)
0000000000000001                                                  // SeqNum (1)
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000  // LayoutPad32 (zeros)
00000050                                                          // PayloadLen (80)

// Payload (80 bytes — raw BSV block header)
20000000                                                          // Version (LE)
00000000000000000...                                              // PrevBlockHash (32 bytes)
aabbccdd00112233...                                               // MerkleRoot (32 bytes)
665B1A00                                                          // Timestamp (LE)
1D00FFFF                                                          // Bits (LE)
12345678                                                          // Nonce (LE)

References

• BRC-124: Multicast Transaction Frame Format — Base header layout reused by BRC-135

• BRC-131: Block Announcement Frame Format — Source of the 80-byte block header extracted by the emitter

• BRC-133: Coinbase Transaction Frame Format — Companion control-plane frame type

• BRC-134: Anchor Transaction Frame Format — Companion control-plane frame type

• BRC-126: Retransmission Protocol — NACK/ACK/MISS used for upstream block frame retransmission

• BRC-129: Multicast Group Address Assignments — Control-plane group index allocations

Constants Reference

Name	Value	Hex	Description
FrameVerV7	7	0x07	BRC-135 block header frame version
BlockHeaderPayload	80	0x50	Fixed payload size (standard BSV block header)
BlockHeaderFrameSize	172	0xAC	Total frame size (92 + 80)
GroupBlockHeader	65530	0xFFFA	Block header egress channel (BRC-135 mc-egress)
GroupBlockBroadcast	65534	0xFFFE	Control group index (shared with BRC-131/133/134)
HeaderSize	92	0x5C	BRC-135 header size (identical to BRC-124)